WEBVTT 00:00:02.000 --> 00:00:04.000 Zoltan Smooke: You back. 00:00:04.000 --> 00:00:06.000 Fannie Nadle: You had, she had given you the money for this. 00:00:06.000 --> 00:00:21.000 Smooke: $1 bills in American money. She had it changed. Well, she saved money to send me. We decided that I'll go, but then she decided that I was. I don't think I could have been the boss of the house. The man of the house. 00:00:21.000 --> 00:00:23.000 Nadle: Your father was very sick at this time. 00:00:23.000 --> 00:00:24.000 Smooke: He was dead already. 00:00:24.000 --> 00:00:25.000 Nadle: Oh, I see. 00:00:25.000 --> 00:00:30.000 Smooke: That's when-- my father died before she moved to this other town. 00:00:30.000 --> 00:00:38.000 Nadle: Oh, I see. Smooke: Yeah, so. Nadle: And you were the oldest one. The other three were-- Smooke: Babies. Nadle: Babies. 00:00:38.000 --> 00:01:57.000 Smooke: Yeah. Seven. Six year old girl and a boy. No. Two boys and a girl. That's right. Sam, Shmuel and [??] which is they call them [??]. So I left there and she caught me there. She said, give me the money and you're not going. I said, all right, here's the money, but let's go to Budapest. Okay. I said in Budapest I can find a good job. It's a city like Washington, D.C., the capital. It still is a beautiful city but I wouldn't go there if somebody paid me. Nadle: Really? Smooke: I'd sooner go to Cleveland, Chicago, anyplace in the United States. Anyway, we went to Budapest, and that morning I had to go for memorial services for my father. I don't know. I was crooked. I reached under the pillow and I took that little bag out and put it in my pocket. Had my suitcase outside in the hall. We lived on the-- stayed on the third floor with my aunt, her sister. And I went to school, said college, and went straight to the depot. And I left. 00:01:57.000 --> 00:02:01.000 Nadle: Carrying the money in your suitcase? Smooke: That's it. 00:02:01.000 --> 00:02:02.000 Smooke: A little trunk it was. 00:02:02.000 --> 00:02:06.000 Nadle: And you didn't tell your mother you were going to do it? 00:02:06.000 --> 00:02:09.000 Smooke: No. But I sent her money back many times. 00:02:09.000 --> 00:02:12.000 Nadle: And she-- 00:02:12.000 --> 00:02:14.000 Smooke: She's a very pious woman. 00:02:14.000 --> 00:02:22.000 Nadle: But that's interesting. Didn't it give you-- But you felt that it was up to you, to you wanted to go? 00:02:22.000 --> 00:03:17.000 Smooke: I made up my mind. I don't want to stay there. The biggest reason my cousin was in Youngstown. His wife was my cousin. His name was Lux, and he said he was working in a bakery and he's making $12 a week. In Europe I was making six Gulden, which is 12 crowns a week. Six times five against two times six. I said, if he's a baker. Helping bakers. I'm a Schlosser, a locksmith and ornamental ironwork. I could make $30 a week. Why should I stay here? And I can send money home. My mother wouldn't have to do nothing. But don't turn out that way exactly. 00:03:17.000 --> 00:03:24.000 Nadle: These things don't. Well, who all was over here of your family? You said now your father's-- said it must have been an uncle who had gone to Saint Louis. 00:03:24.000 --> 00:03:28.000 Smooke: That was long before I was born. 00:03:28.000 --> 00:03:30.000 Nadle: Did you have relatives in this country then? 00:03:30.000 --> 00:04:04.000 Smooke: Still is a lady living. That's, her name is Smooke. And they were in the tannery business. My son called her because he seen her in the telephone book in Saint Louis. And he called in and said, please don't bother me. I'm a very sick lady. I am a Smooke and God bless you. Please. I'm very tired. And it was late, 9:00 in the evening. Nadle: Well, that's a shame. Smooke: Maybe she was even sleeping. So she's one of the leftovers. 00:04:04.000 --> 00:04:06.000 Nadle: Well, did you have any other relatives who were here? 00:04:06.000 --> 00:05:04.000 Smooke: Oh, yeah, but a lot of them I didn't know. I had one uncle in New York. He had 11 children. I only found him about three years ago, one of his sons. And he's in Florida now. He was a schoolteacher and he was teaching in New York. And he threw-- he retired from New York as a teacher. He got into the this machine that have, what you call it, the dispensing, [Nadle: Computers or--] dispensing machines. Nadle: Oh I see. Smooke: Handkerchiefs, candies. But another guy, he made another little money and he had worked for the post office at the meantime after he became quit school. So he has had two pensions and and a Social Security also. Now he's about a year or maybe a year or two younger than me. I met him and I think he got his picture here someplace. 00:05:04.000 --> 00:05:08.000 Nadle: Okay. Well, you got yourself then you left your mother there, went on to Budapest. 00:05:08.000 --> 00:05:12.000 Smooke: Cost me $40 to come to this country. Third class. 00:05:12.000 --> 00:05:14.000 Nadle: Oh, that's steerage, huh? 00:05:14.000 --> 00:05:18.000 Smooke: No, sir. It was third class. Nadle: Oh. Smooke: I wouldn't go steerage. 00:05:18.000 --> 00:05:21.000 Nadle: That's above steerage, huh? Smooke: Yeah. 00:05:21.000 --> 00:05:25.000 Smooke: They had first, second, third, and steerage. Nadle: Oh, I see. Smooke: I come in third class. 00:05:25.000 --> 00:05:26.000 Nadle: Okay third class. 00:05:26.000 --> 00:05:30.000 Smooke: Yeah. $40. And I had 100 so left me 60. 00:05:30.000 --> 00:05:35.000 Nadle: Now, you came on a ship? Smooke: Yeah. Nadle: What? What port did you leave from? 00:05:35.000 --> 00:05:41.000 Smooke: I left from Antwerp. I came to Germany and to Antwerp. 00:05:41.000 --> 00:05:44.000 Nadle: Then you came here to-- 00:05:44.000 --> 00:06:05.000 Smooke: I came to New York. In New York my niece, a cousin of mine by the name of Rose Smooke, was supposed to meet me. She never appeared. And since then. And that's already 60 some years. Never heard who, where, what. She disappeared. Other cousins and relations never knew what happened to her. 00:06:05.000 --> 00:06:06.000 Nadle: So what did you do? 00:06:06.000 --> 00:06:13.000 Smooke: Well, the HIAS. Nadle: Now, what's that? Smooke: The Jewish Emigration Society. 00:06:13.000 --> 00:06:15.000 Nadle: Oh, that's H I A S. Smooke: HIAS. 00:06:15.000 --> 00:06:31.000 Smooke: They picked me up, took me to their place. Give me a place to change my clothes and bathe and gave me a supper that night. And I stayed there for three days. And every day they took us to some kind of a show. I don't remember where or what. 00:06:31.000 --> 00:06:33.000 Nadle: Oh, you mean like a-- 00:06:33.000 --> 00:06:41.000 Smooke: Movie or-- at that time, 5 or 10 cents was a movie. And finally we got word from Youngstown that I should come there. 00:06:41.000 --> 00:06:43.000 Nadle: This was your cousin in Youngstown? 00:06:43.000 --> 00:07:01.000 Smooke: Youngstown? I had a cousin in Cleveland, but I didn't know him either. I knew him in Europe but didn't know him there. Here I found out I got three cousins in Youngstown. The Greenwald, the Lox and Goldmans and Rosenbergs. Four. 00:07:01.000 --> 00:07:05.000 Nadle: Oh. Lots of people. How about the rest of your family? Did they ever-- Did your mother ever come here? 00:07:05.000 --> 00:08:15.000 Smooke: I send her money and her and my sister to come out. And by the time she got the visas and everything done, she refused to come because her daughter was engaged to the Klausenberger Shaukat's son. And he just came back from Israel as an ordained rabbi. But he never practiced. He became a salesman for the American slicing machine company Toledo Scales. Nadle: Oh. Smooke: He's a businessman. He didn't want to be a rabbi, but he was educated. He had degrees. She married him. And during the war-- Nadle: She married him there. Smooke: Yeah. And they stayed. And I took that money for the tickets, which I got back. Sam Clayton. He had a little foreign exchange bank. He'd done the dollar for me. He gave me back most of the money except the taxes. Whatever. He kept back 10%. I took the whole money, send it back for my mother. And I said, you can give it to my sister for dowry or you can keep it or do whatever you want. I was married then already. 00:08:15.000 --> 00:08:19.000 Nadle: Well, this seemed like he arranged to have people come over. Is that it? 00:08:19.000 --> 00:09:14.000 Smooke: Well, it's a big story. Nobody could have come over at that time except my sister and an Italian family. Nadle: Oh. Smooke: You know why? Nadle: Why? Smooke: Because I knew a guy [??] from Crafton. He was a senator. No, Congressman. And I knew him personally. And I and Sam Glick and this Italian man took a train to McKeesport and went straight to Washington. And we had. Let's talk to Mr. [??]. I knew him just like I know my wife. Better than I knew my wife. My wife was just a youngster then. I know for years he died even as a congressman. [??] had a big name in this section. And he was the-- 00:09:14.000 --> 00:09:17.000 Nadle: Congressman from Pittsburgh. 00:09:17.000 --> 00:09:19.000 Smooke: Yeah. Crafton. 00:09:19.000 --> 00:09:21.000 Nadle: Well, now-- Smooke: Up in Homestead. 00:09:21.000 --> 00:10:01.000 Smooke: And he called Bucharest, Romania, right from his office. And the man he talked to was Mr. Palmer. He said to Palmer, This is Guy, remember? Yeah. I want you to look up the visit for Mrs. Smooke and her daughter, Esther Smooke and Helen Smooke. And an Italian. I can't remember his name. They've come from Sicily. I want to visit for them immediately. He said I'll do it. I heard it over the phone. Now that's back in 1923 or 24. 00:10:01.000 --> 00:10:04.000 Nadle: But why couldn't they just come regularly? Why did you have to have a congressman. 00:10:04.000 --> 00:10:08.000 Smooke: There was a 10% visit that time was restricted. Nadle: Oh, the quotas. 00:10:08.000 --> 00:10:16.000 Smooke: The quotas were restricted there. You couldn't come over here. Nadle: Oh, I see. Smooke: I came without any visit. I came without anything. 00:10:16.000 --> 00:10:18.000 Nadle: You just sort of came. And here you were. 00:10:18.000 --> 00:10:25.000 Smooke: They asked me, Where are you going? I said, I'm going to America to work. I showed him my book and it was stamped that I just quit a job out of town. 00:10:25.000 --> 00:10:28.000 Nadle: Your book was-- a workbook, you mean? 00:10:28.000 --> 00:10:44.000 Smooke: Yeah, just like a pass from one job to another. Yeah. Nadle: And they let you board the ship. Smooke: And we had a little union at that time. A democratic union in Europe. And they admitted me. 00:10:44.000 --> 00:10:48.000 Nadle: And they let you in this country? Smooke: Huh? Nadle: They let you in this country. 00:10:48.000 --> 00:10:49.000 Smooke: Without any trouble. 00:10:49.000 --> 00:10:54.000 Nadle: Oh, that's interesting. Smooke: No trouble. Nadle: I guess you were a little earlier, huh? 00:10:54.000 --> 00:11:07.000 Smooke: In 1911. That was early. And then even then, you had to have visas. You had to have papers. Nadle: Yeah. Smooke: You had to show that you were through with the government. That is for induction for the armies of their. 00:11:07.000 --> 00:11:09.000 Nadle: Because you were about that age. 00:11:09.000 --> 00:11:11.000 Smooke: No, I was only 17 then. 00:11:11.000 --> 00:11:12.000 Nadle: Oh, you're just a little younger. 00:11:12.000 --> 00:11:21.000 Smooke: I see. Yeah. Yeah, I'm looking for work. I worked in Dresden for 1 or 2 days. I worked in Berlin 1 or 2 days. 00:11:21.000 --> 00:11:23.000 Nadle: Oh, was this on your way here? Smooke: Yeah. 00:11:23.000 --> 00:11:45.000 Smooke: We call that zoning. Zoning. It's the same thing in Hungarian, the same word zoning from one place to another. In order to prove that I tried to get a job and they hired me. They didn't need me or didn't want me, but I had a stamp in each place I had in Vienna. In Vienna I bought all my tickets, though. Yeah. 00:11:45.000 --> 00:11:48.000 Nadle: But you had to have a stamp to show that you had been looking for work. 00:11:48.000 --> 00:12:15.000 Smooke: Yes, And I tried out in 1 or 2 places. Yeah, sure. Nadle: Did you have to show money? Smooke: No, that's the past the European countries? Once I got into the to the boat with my tickets, all I had to show my tickets to the boat. And they let you on. Nadle: Oh, I see. Smooke: But the nicest people I met is the Belgian people. German people were nice to that time. Everybody was nice. Yeah, very nice. 00:12:15.000 --> 00:12:17.000 Nadle: Did you like the Belgians, particularly? 00:12:17.000 --> 00:12:24.000 Smooke: Terrific. I went to Belgium. 1 or 2 people in Cleveland when I worked for the May company years ago. 00:12:24.000 --> 00:12:26.000 Nadle: Okay. Now, your mother didn't come then? 00:12:26.000 --> 00:12:27.000 Smooke: No. 00:12:27.000 --> 00:12:29.000 Nadle: Did you ever go back to visit? 00:12:29.000 --> 00:12:30.000 Smooke: Me, I wouldn't go if you paid me. 00:12:30.000 --> 00:12:36.000 Nadle: You never saw your mother again then? Smooke: No. Nadle: Your sister? Smooke: No. Nadle: Your brothers? 00:12:36.000 --> 00:13:02.000 Smooke: One of them died before the Second World War. The other was put in prison. And he got the virus and all kinds of diseases from the underground. Him and his wife. They never had children. But my sister had one daughter, and she's still living in Bucharest. She's a professor of college. Then I got from older brother. 00:13:02.000 --> 00:13:17.000 Smooke: I got two children in Israel. A brother and a sister, and he just got his bar mitzvah. One of his. He has a daughter, married with two children, and I think she has also two children. 00:13:17.000 --> 00:13:18.000 Nadle: But you never saw any other. 00:13:18.000 --> 00:13:20.000 Smooke: Never. 00:13:20.000 --> 00:13:23.000 Nadle: Oh, that's sort of. Do you feel bad about it? 00:13:23.000 --> 00:13:26.000 Smooke: No. I like this country better than anything in the world. 00:13:26.000 --> 00:13:27.000 Nadle: It's worth it. 00:13:27.000 --> 00:13:38.000 Smooke: I like this country better than Israel for me. I'm for Israel, naturally. Can't help it being for Israel. It's [??] 00:13:38.000 --> 00:13:42.000 Nadle: You have to translate that for the tape. And for me, both. 00:13:42.000 --> 00:13:48.000 Smooke: The Tree of Life originates in Israel. Tree of Life. 00:13:48.000 --> 00:13:50.000 Nadle: But you don't want to live there. 00:13:50.000 --> 00:13:54.000 Smooke: I wouldn't say I wouldn't like to. I enjoy living here. 00:13:54.000 --> 00:13:57.000 Nadle: Have you ever been to Israel? 00:13:57.000 --> 00:14:06.000 Smooke: I might go there. We're talking about it. But there's so many nice places to see in this country. 00:14:06.000 --> 00:14:07.000 Nadle: So it keeps you busy. 00:14:07.000 --> 00:14:08.000 Smooke: I'm an American first. 00:14:08.000 --> 00:14:10.000 Nadle: I guess you are. 00:14:10.000 --> 00:14:14.000 Smooke: Trouble is that I was born a Jew, and I'm proud of that, too. 00:14:14.000 --> 00:14:17.000 Nadle: Very good. What kind of a Jew are you? Are you an Orthodox or a-- 00:14:17.000 --> 00:14:31.000 Smooke: I'm in between. [Nadle: Oh, explain that] I don't discriminate against any of them, but I belong to Orthodox Jews. But if I go to a reformed or a temple or I participate with them. Okay. 00:14:31.000 --> 00:14:37.000 Nadle: We're going to want to get back to that. I think, though, first, we've got you as far as Youngstown. Yes. 00:14:37.000 --> 00:14:41.000 Smooke: Then I got to Cleveland from Youngstown. 00:14:41.000 --> 00:14:43.000 Nadle: Was this with another relative or? 00:14:43.000 --> 00:15:31.000 Smooke: Cousins. You see, when I got to Youngstown, before I got off the boat, I had $60. Yes. There was a Hungarian fellow that I made friends with an elderly man in his 35, 40s. I was a kid and he went broke playing cards. I loaned him $20. Without that, he couldn't come in. He had to show $20. Nadle: Show money, yeah. So I gave it to him. And when we got out the boat, they put me in one booth and he got into another section. I lost out. So when it came in Youngstown, I told my cousins that I had the ad-- no, I didn't have the ad, I just had his name. I didn't know from nothing. I didn't know Cleveland from Pittsburgh or Youngstown from Ohio. 00:15:31.000 --> 00:15:36.000 Nadle: Did you speak English at this time? Smooke: Nothing, no. Nadle: Well, how did you get from New York to Cleveland? 00:15:36.000 --> 00:15:43.000 Smooke: Speaking Yiddish. Hungarian. You always find somebody to speak your language. The Yiddish especially. 00:15:43.000 --> 00:15:45.000 Nadle: And did the HIAS help you? 00:15:45.000 --> 00:16:22.000 Smooke: HIAS helped me till I got to the train. They wanted to pay my fare to the train. I said I had money. I had $20 left yet. So when I loaned him 20. I was out $20. I said good bye. So one, two, three weeks later on a Sunday, I picked up a Hungarian paper from Cleveland. This guy had it advertised. He's looking for me. He wants to pay me back for $20. That's how I got the. Nadle: Isn't that nice. Smooke: That's how I got to Cleveland. Nadle: That's a nice story. Smooke: And I found my cousins there. Yeah. By the name of Albert Frank. 00:16:22.000 --> 00:16:25.000 Nadle: Okay. Now, did you work in Youngstown. 00:16:25.000 --> 00:16:27.000 Smooke: 3 or 4 days? Yes. 00:16:27.000 --> 00:16:28.000 Nadle: Then you got to Cleveland. Did you work there? 00:16:28.000 --> 00:16:45.000 Smooke: Yeah, in Cleveland. I stayed about from 1911. 11 Yeah, before the holidays. I stayed there. 12, 13, 14, 15, 1916. Yeah. 00:16:45.000 --> 00:16:47.000 Nadle: Okay, then where'd you go. 00:16:47.000 --> 00:16:57.000 Smooke: I worked there. I worked in the factory making fenders for the [??] what you call Ford by hand. Making fenders. 00:16:57.000 --> 00:16:58.000 Nadle: Is that the way it was done then? 00:16:58.000 --> 00:17:06.000 Smooke: Yeah. And you had a machine you had to run in through to put the wire in to hold it from that bending. Yeah, well. 00:17:06.000 --> 00:17:10.000 Nadle: That was a little. You really were a much better metal worker than that, weren't you? 00:17:10.000 --> 00:17:54.000 Smooke: Oh, yeah, but you had to take what you can get. Yeah. Then later on, they laid us off there. Just on Thanksgiving Day. They laid off I don't know how many hundreds. And I was the youngest one there, I guess. So they gave you either a $5 bill or a turkey. I took the $5. And from there I got a job in the May company. Doing what? Well, first I was a busboy. Then I became a stockroom boy. Then they called me assistant manager for the restaurant department. I was under three different managers. I worked at quite a few years. 00:17:54.000 --> 00:18:39.000 Nadle: This is in Cleveland. Smooke: The big boss was S M Gross. He just died about 3 or 4 years ago. He is the originator of all this May company and the Kaufmann's and all these stores that they buy. Nadle: I see. Smooke: He's a great man. His father was a [??] peddler and he used to grab him under the arm and take him to his main table. Nadle: How nice. Smooke: But he only ate very, very orthodox. Nadle: I see. Smooke: But he's proud of his father. But he went through college from the rags. In fact, we in Homestead have a rabbi. His father's a washing, selling rags, clean rags, you know, buys rags and cleans them. Mr. Deutsch And his son is Rabbi Herschel Deutsch. 00:18:39.000 --> 00:18:41.000 Nadle: Yeah, there are a lot of people who had that kind of a beginning, I think. 00:18:41.000 --> 00:18:48.000 Smooke: And he raised all nice children, all religious. 00:18:48.000 --> 00:18:52.000 Nadle: Now, what happened to you in the First World War? You were about the right age for it, weren't you? 00:18:52.000 --> 00:19:06.000 Smooke: I was in just about the right age. But I was an alien then. I didn't have my papers. I had to be another year in Pennsylvania and see if I stayed in Cleveland I'd have had my papers and I transferred to Pittsburgh. 00:19:06.000 --> 00:19:07.000 Nadle: Oh. Why did you come to Pittsburgh? 00:19:07.000 --> 00:19:10.000 Smooke: Well, I got married in Pittsburgh. 00:19:10.000 --> 00:19:12.000 Nadle: Oh, that does have something to do with it. 00:19:12.000 --> 00:19:13.000 Smooke: Is your wife-- Smooke: Homestead's right there. 00:19:13.000 --> 00:19:15.000 Nadle: Oh, is your wife from Homestead? 00:19:15.000 --> 00:19:17.000 Smooke: My wife at that time from Homestead. 00:19:17.000 --> 00:19:41.000 Nadle: And you came-- Smooke: First wife. I married a second. Nadle: Oh, I see. And so you moved there-- Smooke: When I was married. I came here. In December I was married. Nadle: And how did you meet her? Smooke: In Cleveland. At a wedding at her cousin's. And it worked out one of the religious Jews. Her mother wore a [??], and she was noble. 00:19:41.000 --> 00:19:45.000 Nadle: And then the [??] for the tape, that's the headdress, the wig. 00:19:45.000 --> 00:20:01.000 Smooke: Yeah. Wigs. Yeah. Most prominent families in Homestead. The Glick family. And their brothers and sisters still call me uncle. 00:20:01.000 --> 00:20:02.000 Nadle: I see. 00:20:02.000 --> 00:20:08.000 Smooke: You know Jimmy Glick from the Murphy's market [Nadle: I don't.] downtown. You know Murphy's market? 00:20:08.000 --> 00:20:09.000 Nadle: Yeah I know Murphy's Market 00:20:09.000 --> 00:20:38.000 Smooke: Yeah. He owns the Murphy's. The meat and the grocery. Whatever. And Mickey. And what's the name? Willie's in Florida, son. There's only two of them left. Mickey. The grandchildren. But the son is one son. Willie's left, and. Mrs. Meitner. What's her name? Rose. Yeah. 00:20:38.000 --> 00:20:42.000 Nadle: Okay. So then you came to Pittsburgh. Smooke: Got married. Nadle: Married and came to Pittsburgh. 00:20:42.000 --> 00:20:54.000 Smooke: And worked in the mills and had a store and-- oh, yeah. Worked in United-- I worked for, before it was United States Steel, yeah. I worked for Carnegie. 00:20:54.000 --> 00:20:56.000 Nadle: Oh, what did you do? 00:20:56.000 --> 00:21:08.000 Smooke: In the mill. High fitting, structural fitting. Whatever the job they gave you to do. Yeah, we had 3 or 4 Jewish men. Really good mechanics there. 00:21:08.000 --> 00:21:13.000 Nadle: Yeah. Well, this is back with Carnegie, you say? Smooke: Yeah. Nadle: Oh did you know Carnegie himself? 00:21:13.000 --> 00:21:27.000 Smooke: I saw him once. One Hungarian fella made the statue of his bust out of bronze by hand. Carved it out. It's still there in Homestead in the library. 00:21:27.000 --> 00:21:31.000 Nadle: Or was it that? Was that about the time? Wasn't the Homestead Strike. 00:21:31.000 --> 00:21:33.000 Smooke: That was 1890. 00:21:33.000 --> 00:21:35.000 Nadle: That was before. You weren't there at that time? 00:21:35.000 --> 00:21:37.000 Smooke: Before I was born. Two years before I was born. 00:21:37.000 --> 00:21:39.000 Nadle: My history is a little off. You can tell. 00:21:39.000 --> 00:21:56.000 Smooke: The 1919 strike. I didn't work in Carnegie Steel. I already had quit and went to work in Master. Oh, and the Master had a better job. More money doubled the amount that I used to make there. 00:21:56.000 --> 00:22:00.000 Nadle: So you weren't at Carnegie when they had the 1919 strike? 00:22:00.000 --> 00:22:08.000 Smooke: No. But I almost got clipped from the guys, you know, They thought I was a strike breaker. Somebody come in with a bucket. 00:22:08.000 --> 00:22:11.000 Nadle: Oh. They thought you were crossing the line. Smooke: Yeah. 00:22:11.000 --> 00:22:14.000 Smooke: They had no union, but they were trying. 00:22:14.000 --> 00:22:16.000 Nadle: I was going to say. Are you a union person? 00:22:16.000 --> 00:22:18.000 Smooke: I'm not against union. I never was a union. 00:22:18.000 --> 00:22:19.000 Nadle: You're not a member, though? 00:22:19.000 --> 00:22:41.000 Smooke: No, we never had union. In fact, when I quit Carnegie Steel, the last time that I worked, see I worked back and forth. I could walk and even today, if I was 60 years old, walk right into the mill. The police were there. The younger, he let me in to see my ex foreman or my boss. I had passes to go to any coal mine. 00:22:41.000 --> 00:22:43.000 Nadle: How come? 00:22:43.000 --> 00:23:04.000 Smooke: Because I knew somebody that gave me a pass. And between the time of 9:00 in the morning and 5:00 in the afternoon after going to coal mine what they call patches during the Depression, they gave me a pass to go in. Nobody ever had. I think I have it someplace. Yeah. Yeah. 00:23:04.000 --> 00:23:07.000 Nadle: So you worked in for Carnegie first, then [??]. 00:23:07.000 --> 00:23:28.000 Smooke: And from [??] I quit and went back to Carnegie in Clairton in the Coke works. But I wasn't making Coke. I was doing repair work. Nadle: You were maintenance? Smooke: Welding, burning, cutting pipes. Different jobs, whatever is to be done. 00:23:28.000 --> 00:23:30.000 Nadle: And then you went to Clairton. Then where? 00:23:30.000 --> 00:24:17.000 Smooke: From Clairton? I didn't work only ten days there at the high rate wage. I got a dollar and a quarter an hour, [Nadle: Oh boy.] which was unheard of. Only structural men got that. And that's the only way I took the job. They needed welders. And [??] called me. I knew the bosses all by name. Even today, some of them said, Smokey, I got a job for you. I said, okay, what does it pay? It's 71.5. I said, keep it. I think I'm going to travel from Homestead. I lived in Homeville at that time already above Homestead. I want top wages, a dollar and a quarter, free gas. You know, they used to give, but they called it benzoin, you know, gas. 00:24:17.000 --> 00:24:18.000 Nadle: To run your car, you mean? 00:24:18.000 --> 00:24:44.000 Smooke: Yeah. Everybody that worked there got it. But they killed it over there. They used to go home, empty their tanks and sell it. Oh. And then come back for some more. So they stopped it. It was the nicest thing that ever happened. If you honest about things, you get things. So they-- I got it. I said I got a job here for ten days. After that, I got a job with the Westinghouse. 00:24:44.000 --> 00:24:45.000 Nadle: What were you doing there? 00:24:45.000 --> 00:25:36.000 Smooke: Welding. I was doing silver soldering, welding. They were making those brakes, for the mine [Nadle: Oh, the air brakes] Yeah. Breakers, they call it for the mines, electric. And had to have silver buttons on them for contact. And I done that kind of work for about 3 or 4 months and then it fell off. They didn't need it no more. So they transferred me to a big and made the big dynamos. Heavy work. It was real hard to work. Weld, used to put wells in there. Inch, inch and half wells. It's hot hard work and came along. There was a fellow that I don't want to mention his name. A Jewish fella eat me out of job. He was afraid I'll take his job because I was a little better than him. But he was a foreman. Nadle: Well, I was-- 00:25:36.000 --> 00:25:41.000 Nadle: Just wondering about that. There aren't usually too many Jewish people in the mills, are there? Smooke: Well. Nadle: Or were there? 00:25:41.000 --> 00:25:43.000 Smooke: There, four. 00:25:43.000 --> 00:25:47.000 Nadle: Just a few. Smooke: Yeah. Nadle: How about in Westinghouse? 00:25:47.000 --> 00:25:48.000 Smooke: A lot of Jewish people. Nadle: Were there? 00:25:48.000 --> 00:26:14.000 Smooke: Oh, yeah. In the Westinghouse you find a lot of Jewish people. Professional men. Clerical men. Even in management. Even today. Sure. My, my son in law's father worked in there. Mr.-- when they owned the mall up in Monroeville. 00:26:14.000 --> 00:26:15.000 Nadle: Oh. The names-- 00:26:15.000 --> 00:26:28.000 Smooke: Well, his father worked in there, too. He just passed away about a year ago or two. Kessler. Kesslers, a lot of Jewish people in McKeesport to work in the mills. Nadle: Oh, they do. 00:26:28.000 --> 00:26:36.000 Smooke: They're cutting pipe or working on machines, work on a lathe. Sure 00:26:36.000 --> 00:26:40.000 Nadle: Okay. Then after Westinghouse, what did you do? You were living where at that time? 00:26:40.000 --> 00:27:03.000 Smooke: In Homeville and came back. I got a job back in Homestead Steel. I worked there. I think about five, six months. They let me go because there was not enough work. So I went out, started. That's how I got this path to go to the mines. Nadle: Oh, what were you doing there? 00:27:03.000 --> 00:27:09.000 Smooke: Selling soap and toothpaste and toothbrushes and Roosevelt pictures. 00:27:09.000 --> 00:27:10.000 Nadle: Oh, everything. 00:27:10.000 --> 00:27:16.000 Smooke: That time, Roosevelt was just about getting ready to run for the first election. 00:27:16.000 --> 00:27:18.000 Nadle: Late 1920s. 00:27:18.000 --> 00:27:25.000 Smooke: 21. No, that was-- Nadle: 32 he came in. Didn't he? Smooke: 31. 00:27:25.000 --> 00:27:29.000 Nadle: Okay, then you did that for a while. You were still living at Homeville. Smooke: Yeah. 00:27:29.000 --> 00:27:53.000 Smooke: And I tried my best till I got into the soft drink business. That was a hard one, too. Nadle: Now that was. Smooke: 30 bottles in a case. With a lid on the box. All wooden cases, not paper like now. Then you had to carry one on your shoulder. You felt like a ton. 00:27:53.000 --> 00:27:55.000 Nadle: You were delivering soft drinks? Smooke: Yeah. 00:27:55.000 --> 00:28:02.000 Smooke: To the stores. From there, I got a job delivering that from Polo Water Company. 00:28:02.000 --> 00:28:08.000 Nadle: Now that's in Homeville, still. I lived in Homeville. Okay, then what? You had a lot of things. 00:28:08.000 --> 00:29:08.000 Smooke: I've done a lot of things. And I made a good living at it. And finally it got so-- my oldest son, graduated high school. In Homeville there was no high school. He either had to go to high school to Munhall or go to Homestead. Well, that involved car fare and lunch money and whatnot. So he said, I don't want to go Homestead and I don't want to go to Munhall. I want to go to Schenley High. That was in 41. So I had a sister in law living here on Juliet Street. Mrs. Feldman, if you remember her? She lived on-- she just sold her house on Chesterfield Road just now. She's a widow. So I said, Well, if that's the case, let's go look around Oakland, near Ruthie's place, and we'll buy a home.