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Gladys E. Gosney: [unintelligible] Okay. Now, the first thing we're going
to do, you give your name, age and the birth--where you were born.
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Juanita Moutry: My name is Juanita Moutry, and I am over 60. And I was
born in Pittsburgh. Mm hmm.
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Gosney: And what is your ethnic origin or identity that--what race?
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Moutry: I'm of the Negro race.
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Gosney: What is your occupation? What was your occupation? You were--or
are you retired now?
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Moutry: I am retired and my former occupation before retiring was a
beautician.
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Gosney: How long did you work at this job?
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Moutry: About--about 18 years.
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Gosney: Well, what is your religious background? What church you belong
to?
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Moutry: I am a Baptist. I belong to Ebenezer Baptist Church.
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Gosney: What about your politics?
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Moutry: I'm a Democrat.
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Gosney: Do you vote? Moutry: Yes. Gosney: Is voting very important to you?
Is it important?
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Moutry: Yes, indeed.
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Gosney: How long have you lived in in the Pittsburgh area?
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Moutry: Uh, practically all my life.
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Gosney: Are you a member of any fraternal organization or any type of
group?
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Moutry: No, um no fraternal organization, but I am a member of a charity
club.
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Gosney: Okay. Well, what is the name of that club?
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Moutry: The Victory Charity Club.
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Gosney: And now what do you all do in this club? What are your goals?
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Moutry: Well. Our goals. We help. Anyone who's who needs--for instance, we
have contributed to the NAACP, the Lemington Avenue home, the African
Heritage Room at Pitt and the NEED and the [?????], organizations like
that. And then there was one lady we heard about a fire. She was burnt out.
We contributed to that.
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Gosney: Well, you--I would say then that you make a contribution to just
different things. Many different.
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Moutry: Anybody that's in need that we can help.
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Gosney: Okay, how long have you been a member of this organization?
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Moutry: The Victory Charity Club?
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Moutry: Oh. Uh. About 19 years.
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Gosney: Okay. Now, the next part of this interview will be about your
family history. Do you remember your grandparents?
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Moutry: I remember. I remember my grandmother and grandfather on my
mother's side. And I remember my grandfather on my father's side.
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Gosney: What do you remember about this? Do you remember anything specific
about these, your grandparents or anything that you can think of at the
moment?
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Moutry: Well, my--my grandfather on my father's side. I remember him as
being a very youthful person. He was only 17 years older than my father.
And---
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Gosney: This was your father?
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Moutry: My father's-- Gosney: Father. Moutry: --father. Father. Yes. And
he was very active up until the last. And my grandfather and my grandmother
on my mother's side lived on a farm. And. There's not too much I remember,
although I would go there in the summertime when school was out and my job
was to churn milk, make butter. [laughs]
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Gosney: Oh, boy. Moutry: And draw water out of the well.
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Moutry: Go to the woods and pick up chips for them to boil the clothes
because there was no, no, no heat or anything.
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Gosney: But you said boil the clothes?
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Moutry: You know, back back then they had a big iron kettle. And I would
go, my brother and I would go to the woods and gather the chips and they'd
build a fire. And then I remember something that I didn't know at the time,
but they used to spread some of the clothes out on the grass. They said the
sun would help to bleach them.
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Gosney: Oh, I see. Uh huh. Well, where was this place? Where was it
located? Was in the South or here or--
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Moutry: Yes, it was in the South. In Virginia. The state of Virginia.
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Gosney: Uh huh. Um. When? Where did you then? Then they moved to
Pittsburgh from Virginia. Do you know the town that they lived in there? Or
the city or. It was--
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Moutry: No, um, I don't know.
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Gosney: Do you remember how long, you know, did you remember when they
moved or?
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Moutry: No, it. They were living here when I was born, so I wouldn't know.
[unintelligible]
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Gosney: Then they were living in Virginia. Then your mother and father
were living in Virginia before they moved to Pittsburgh. Moutry: That's
right. Gosney: And that is the only place that they lived before they came
to Pittsburgh was in Virginia. Moutry: That's the only place that I know
of. Gosney: Well, alright then. Now, when your family moved to Pittsburgh,
what neighborhood did they move into? What part of the city did they live?
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Moutry: When they moved to Pittsburgh? They lived in the East Liberty
section.
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Gosney: Well. Were the neighbors that they had there in the East Liberty
section, were they neighbors that from the South or from Virginia or were
they--
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Moutry: No, mostly at that time was of Italian descent in the section of
East Liberty where they lived.
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Gosney: Well, alright now, what was your father's occupation?
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Moutry: He was a chauffeur.
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Gosney: And what about your mother? Did she work outside the home to get
extra income?
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Moutry: Sometimes. And she worked as a maid at Carnegie Tech in the
dormitories.
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Gosney: How many brothers and sisters did you have? Moutry: One brother.
Gosney: Anyone else lived in your home that shared-- shared your home out
in, like, relatives or boarders? Anyone?
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Moutry: Well, when I was a girl, my aunt, my mother's sister, she lived
with us for a while until she married.
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Gosney: How many children do you have?
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Moutry: One daughter.
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Gosney: How old is she?
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Moutry: She's [??]
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Gosney: All right now. All right.
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Gosney: Now, did your family belong to any organization for Black people
in the South?
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Moutry: I don't think so.
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Gosney: After getting to Pittsburgh, did your family do they belong to
any--did they join any type of organization that you may know of?
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Moutry: My father was a Mason at one time.
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Gosney: Okay. And do you know of any other organization that they--that
any member of your family belong to? Moutry: No. Gosney: All right. How did
your parents, your family, teach you about color consciousness? Did they
teach you anything concerning this about being a Black person?
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Moutry: No, because at that time. When I was going to school, just like,
for instance, when I graduated from elementary school, there was many
White, it was Black. We had White friends. And the same way when I went to
high school, the main thing that I was taught to treat everybody right.
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Gosney: And they teach you to always be proud of the fact that you were a
Black person.
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Moutry: Oh, yes. Yes, they did.
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Gosney: Do you remember the 1919 steel strike or what kind of--do your
family--do you know whether your family mentioned any of this to you or
not?
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Moutry: No, I don't know anything about it. I was [laughs]--I was living
then, but I was quite young, so I don't remember anything about.
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Gosney: Do you remember any of the racial disturbances in the 40s? Do you
remember any kind of disturbance that you all had in the 40s?
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Moutry: Uh, in the 40s? I don't know of any that we've had up here in
Pittsburgh, but reading the papers, I think they had disturbance in the
South. For instance, the Ku Klux Klan. All this is what I've read. And
there wasn't any--none of my family lived in that part of the South where
they were so active.
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Gosney: I see. How do you feel about the younger Black movement since
Martin Luther King?
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Moutry: Well, I--I don't approve of the violence. I more or less go along
with Martin Luther King as a peaceful movement to get equal justice. But I
don't approve of the violence.
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Gosney: What do you remember of the section of the Hill District one once
called Arthursville, Minersville, or Haiti? Do you remember anything
concerning these names about the Hill District that they once had these
names.
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Moutry: Arthrsville? And Minersville?
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Gosney: And Haiti. Moutry: Haiti. Gosney: Does this ring any kind of
bell?
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Moutry: Well, there was a school on Centre Avenue named Minersville School
and Hayden--H-A-Y--
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Gosney: No. Haiti. Haiti. Like the name Haiti. Moutry: Oh, no.
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Moutry: In the--no. Wait a minute. I think. I used to hear my mother speak
about Marcus Garvey, and I don't know whether he was from Haiti, but
anyway, he was trying to get a movement started for the Blacks to go back
to Africa.
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Gosney: Um, has your life been affected by the changes in the Hill
District?
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Moutry: Uh, no. My life hasn't been affected by the change in the Hill
District because I--I don't live there now. And when I lived there, it was
altogether different to what it is now. Gosney: I see.
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Gosney: What do you see as the most significant event or occasion in the
history of the Black community in Pittsburgh?
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Moutry: Read that--say--repeat that again.
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Gosney: What do you see as the most significant event or occasion in the
history of the Black community in Pittsburgh? And what do you think--
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Moutry: Well, I noticed there's more opportunities for the Blacks now than
they had, and they have much better jobs than they had that are open up to
them than they did when I was coming up.
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Gosney: Uh huh. Who were the most outstanding individuals in the Black
community of Pittsburgh. Who were the most outstanding individuals? And
why? Do you know of anyone during your time when you were coming along?
That Black person that was considered an outstanding personality.
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Moutry: Well, I remember as a child the pastor of our church. He was one
of the founders of the Steel City Bank. And at that time we had one of the
officers of church. He had a shoe store. And I also remember another
officer of our church who used to work at the post office, then he studied
to be a mortician, and now he has one of the largest Colored--Black
undertaker establishments that's in the city of Pittsburgh. I mean, his
family, because now he's deceased. But his sons.
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Gosney: They run his business now? Moutry: That's right. Gosney: Uh huh.
Do you care to name the person?
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Moutry: The West Funeral Home.
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Gosney: And who was the most outstanding individuals now in the Black--in
the Black community. Moutry: In Pittsburgh? Gosney: Uh huh.
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Moutry: I don't know--the one--the most outstanding one from the Hill
District of Pittsburgh is K. Leroy Irvis in Harrisburg.
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Gosney: Yes. How did you feel about the Amos and Andy--that the radio and
TV show that they had on?
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Moutry: Well. How did I feel about it?
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Moutry: Well back in the time when I was very young. Of course, they
didn't have televisions then. That was and that was a very amusing. Well,
as far as I'm concerned, I was young and there was other things that I was
around with my age group and we really didn't pay too much attention to
it.
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Gosney: What change have you noticed about Blacks on TV shows now and in
the commercials on the TV program?
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Moutry: Well there's a lot of difference because there's very seldom do
you see a commercial now that you don't see a Black face.
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Gosney: And what about the the shows, the TV shows now that they have on
on the programs? What about the Blacks and the TV shows?
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Moutry: Well. Well, the Blacks in the TV shows. Uh, well years ago they
used to, they used to play the part of the maid or the or it was more or
less a a servant. But now it's--it's different now.
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Gosney: Uh, in the 1920s, membership in the Ku Klux Klan was over
6,000,000 in the United States. Do you remember any of their activities?
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Moutry: No more than I remember reading about the--them lynching Negroes
in the South. And burning crosses. That's about all I.
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Moutry: What I remember is what I've read in the paper.
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Gosney: What do you think of the Black participation in the Bicentennial?
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Moutry: Well. I think the American Negro. Has a lot--should participate
because they have contributed a whole lot, in my estimation to the the the
growth of America.
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Gosney: Okay. What about your educational background? How much education
or special training did you have?
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Moutry: I went to public school. High school. And the only special
training I had was when I was studying to be a beautician.
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Gosney: And what about your first job? How old were you when you had your
first job?
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Moutry: I had a job typing.
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Gosney: And it was here in Pittsburgh? Moutry: Yes. Gosney: Okay. Did your
income--was your income used to help support others or just to support
yourself? Moutry: Just to support myself.
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Gosney: Can you name some of the jobs that you had that you remembered
best, that you--that were considered good jobs or bad jobs or high the
highest paying jobs?
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Moutry: Uh, well, I haven't had too many jobs. I had this job typing some
shorthand. I married. I didn't have any job then. And that's when after I
married, well, I went to beauty school. So I haven't had too many jobs.
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Gosney: You had these jobs before you were married?
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Moutry: The job typing-- Gosney: Typing. Business, uh huh.
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Gosney: Okay. Do you know the reason your parents had for coming to
Pittsburgh? You know, coming from Virginia into Pittsburgh?
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Moutry: Well, I don't know. But I imagine both of them were born on the
farm. And and I imagine the reason they moved to Pittsburgh was to--to
improve their. They could get a better job because after all, on the farm,
there wasn't much to do, I don't guess. Just raise the food. Now, I had a
cousin who lived there and in in the Virginia he was--he raised tobacco.
And he was perfectly satisfied because I heard him tell me--he told me one
time that he sold a load of tobacco and he got $3,000 for--
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Gosney: Was that considered good money at that time?
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Moutry: Yes, that was considered good money at that time.
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Moutry: I imagine my parents moved because come to the city, they get
better living, better jobs.
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Gosney: What are some of the hardest problems that you had--that you faced
while growing up in the Pittsburgh area? Do you have any specific things
that you consider-- Moutry: The hardest job? Gosney: Some of the hardest
problems faced in life in the Pittsburgh area while growing up here.
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Moutry: I don't--I don't know that I had any special hard jobs because my
father was always employed. For hard times.
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Gosney: Did they have any type of problem finding--when your parents came,
did they have any problem finding a place to live or work or anything? Or
do you--did you hear them mention that at any time? Moutry: No. Gosney: Did
your parents face any problems of because that they were Black people when
they came to Pittsburgh? I mean, like the house and the job? Or do you
remember them saying that for that reason, just for being a Black person,
that they had any type of a problem in finding a house to live in or any
type of work? Or do you do you remember--
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Moutry: No, I don't remember hearing them saying, but I know at the time
when I was a child, it was hard to find, although we were lucky, the houses
we found. But the majority, a lot of the people was hard to find decent
housing and usually when they moved in a neighborhood. They--well, that's
just like it is now, when they moved in and they were some of the Whites
moved out and moved in a better, better neighborhoods.
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Gosney: Did you--did your family mention any type of maybe Black group
that they belong to or anything or do you know.
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Moutry: No, the only thing I know they are--were faithful church members.
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Gosney: They--they were a member of this--of this. Just the churches all
you remember?
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Moutry: Yes. They were members of the church. And and then my mother
belonged to this same club, the Victory Charity Club that I before she
died.
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Moutry: She took part in different societies in the church. Gosney: I see.
Moutry: Missionary circle.
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Gosney: Were any member of your family a member of a labor union? Moutry:
No. Gosney: In the Depression in 1930, what effect did that have on them?
Did that have any any specific effect on your family or your life? And how
was it affected or do you remember?
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Moutry: Well, it didn't have any effect on my father. He was always
employed. As a chauffeur. And--and during the Depression at that time, I
was married and he did help me because my husband was unemployed.
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Gosney: Do you remember whether or not they kept in contact with any of
the people that they left when they moved from Virginia to Pittsburgh? Did
they-- Moutry: Oh, they kept in touch with their family. Gosney: I mean,
did they they wrote--did they write and visited before. Moutry: Oh, yes.
Gosney: And did they have visitors? Did they come here to visit or not?
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Moutry: Well. Well, they visited us and we visited them.
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Gosney: Uh huh. Did you or did they send gifts or money or anything like
that to help out? Or was just the visits?
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Moutry: You mean the relatives of the South? No, they didn't send
any--anything to help out.
00:23:49.000 --> 00:23:58.000
Gosney: You all have family reunion? What about family reunions?
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Moutry: Well, I remember. Well, it wasn't all the family, but a large part
of the family was down in Virginia. And at one time, there was about 18 of
us there. At one time. They lived on a farm. My grandmother was on a farm.
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Moutry: It was quite a large farm.
00:24:18.000 --> 00:24:21.000
Gosney: What were the reunions like?
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Moutry: What did you say?
Gosney: What were the reunions like? These family reunions? What were
they?
00:24:25.000 --> 00:25:20.000
Moutry: Oh, just they all we all got together and they had a beautiful
lawn, a lot of beside the farmland where they raised vegetables. Uh, it was
just. It was so many of us that they would. Everything was raised. That's
what they. We we were. That's what we had to feed all of the the relatives.
And there were so many of us we had to set the table twice to feed them
all. And as I say, there was no electricity. But it was a lot of fun. And
we would, after dinner, we'd get out on the lawn. They had a beautiful
lawn. We'd play games. Until dark. They had lamplight.
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Gosney: Did your family belong to a church? What church did they belong
to?
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Moutry: The same one I attended the Ebenezer Baptist Church.
00:25:27.000 --> 00:25:34.000
Gosney: They always belong to that church? Moutry: Yeah. Gosney: And is
that the church you belong to?
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Moutry: The church I belong to now? Yes.
00:25:36.000 --> 00:25:39.000
Gosney: Mhm. How often do you attend this church?
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Moutry: Every Sunday. Sometime during the week, if they have special
meetings.
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Gosney: Do you belong to any of the church groups? Any groups within the
church? Do you participate in anything there? In the--
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Moutry: One of the missionary circles and the usher board.
00:26:01.000 --> 00:26:20.000
Gosney: Are you all. Do you participate in any activities in the White
churches? There are. Or maybe, like you would say, you'd go to something,
your church would be invited to a White church and would have service, you
know, that type of thing.
00:26:20.000 --> 00:26:32.000
Moutry: Well, yes, our church has been invited to worship with the White
church, but that was some years back.
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Gosney: What about your minister or what is his role? Outside of being a
minister of the church, did he have another type of role that he played
within the church and within the community?
00:26:43.000 --> 00:27:01.000
Moutry: Well, he's very active in the community. He's on the board of
directors of Hillhouse, I think. And I think he has a class he teaches at
the. Pittsburgh Theological Seminary. On Highland Avenue, I think he
teaches.
00:27:01.000 --> 00:27:32.000
Moutry: And he's also one of the ministers who was elected by the National
Baptist Convention to to participate in a crusade in Africa. And he usually
goes there once a year. And I think this is his sixth or seventh year to go
to Africa. To try to convert the--tribes there.
00:27:32.000 --> 00:28:09.000
Gosney: Now. How? How long have you--this Minister, been head of your
church? Over your church ministers? Moutry: Three years/ Gosney: Uh huh.
Well, before that, then you had another minister. All right. What was his
reaction to the war in-- I'll say the World War. The World Wars. You would
remember the Second World War.
00:28:09.000 --> 00:28:18.000
Moutry: Well, not really. I don't know what. I don't remember any specific
thing as far as the war was concerned.
00:28:18.000 --> 00:28:28.000
Gosney: Well, did this minister at the time of integration, did he
encourage that or did he do anything to encourage integration?
00:28:28.000 --> 00:28:31.000
Moutry: Which minister? You mean the one we have now or the one before?
00:28:31.000 --> 00:28:36.000
Gosney: Well, you had this one only-- Moutry: Three years. Gosney: I mean,
both.
00:28:36.000 --> 00:28:51.000
Moutry: Yes. Yes, yes. They both encouraged.
00:28:51.000 --> 00:29:05.000
Gosney: And did you notice any changes that occurred in your church during
the World War One? Do you remember any type of changes that had taken place
there.
00:29:05.000 --> 00:29:16.000
Moutry: Do you remember-- Moutry: In the church? No, I don't remember any
special changes that took place.
00:29:16.000 --> 00:29:22.000
Gosney: What about during the 1950s?
00:29:22.000 --> 00:29:29.000
Moutry: The 1950s?
00:29:29.000 --> 00:29:32.000
Moutry: I can't remember right now anything special that happened in the
50s?
00:29:32.000 --> 00:29:37.000
Gosney: Well, how did the World War affect you as a person?
00:29:37.000 --> 00:29:39.000
Moutry: World War II?
00:29:39.000 --> 00:29:52.000
Gosney: I mean, as a Black person, how did it affect you and what did it
have any effect on you whatsoever?
00:29:52.000 --> 00:29:54.000
Moutry: I don't. In what way?
00:29:54.000 --> 00:29:56.000
Gosney: In any way. I mean, it be could be--
00:29:56.000 --> 00:30:12.000
Moutry: My brother served in World War II and there's quite a few young
men that I knew. Gosney: In--
00:30:12.000 --> 00:30:32.000
Gosney: Did your husband--was your husband a member, your member of a
fraternal organization or fraternal?
00:30:32.000 --> 00:30:43.000
Moutry: No. No, he wasn't.
00:30:43.000 --> 00:30:59.000
Gosney: Okay. What are the most crucial aspects for you being Black when
growing up? In this in the community here?
00:30:59.000 --> 00:31:10.000
Moutry: Well when I was growing up. Oh, there were a lot of places Blacks
couldn't go.
00:31:10.000 --> 00:31:17.000
Moutry: For instance, the swimming pools at the park.
00:31:17.000 --> 00:31:25.000
Moutry: And aside from that, I really.
00:31:25.000 --> 00:31:30.000
Moutry: Because when I was growing up, I lived in a mixed neighborhood.
00:31:30.000 --> 00:31:39.000
Gosney: Okay. What about now? Moutry: Now? Gosney: You have any any
crucial aspects of--
00:31:39.000 --> 00:32:39.000
Moutry: No. My life is very peaceful. I'm living.
