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Paul Sikora: Okay. Well, the first thing is just your name, which would be
Steven McKula, right? Stephen McKula: Right. Sikora: And McKula is spelled
M-C
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McKula: K-U-L-A.
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Sikora: M-C-K-U-L-A. Okay. And you're 76 years old?
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McKula: 77. Actually.
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Sikora: 77. Okay. Where was you born?
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McKula: Standard. Sikora: Standard? McKula: Mount Pleasant Township.
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Sikora: Okay. What was the maiden name of your mother?
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McKula: Novotno.
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Sikora: Novotno.
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McKula: Veronica Novotny. N-O-V-O-T-N-O.
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Sikora: In your--what nationality would you consider yourself? McKula:
Slovak. Sikora: Slovak? Do you? You speak Slovak, don't you? And you can.
Is there any--do you understand Polish or any other language?
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McKula: Polish. Bohemian. Some Russian.
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Sikora: Really? You can-- McKula: Yeah. Sikora: I didn't know that.
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McKula: I talked more Polish than I did Slavish. But I'm forgetting a lot
of that lingo. But if I get wound up with some old timer I can, yeah talk
Polish, Slavish, Bohemian. We lived with Bohemian, was born and raised with
Bohemian families, you know. It ain't too much difference in the lingo.
It's. Sikora: Yeah. McKula: Pretty much the same.
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Sikora: It's similar, huh? I didn't know you could talk all those
languages.
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McKula: Little. Little mix. Little twist of the tongue here, now and then.
But it's. We talked a good bit of Spanish. Well, it's Mexico, but Mexican,
but not too much of that stuff.
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Sikora: What was what was your your occupation when you retired from the
factory? What was your title?
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McKula: Well, I had so many, Paulie, I can't tell you. Sikora: Yeah.
McKula: I was contractor builder and as the maintenance man and when they
were out of the factory, they're mostly maintenance all by myself. They
even boilers and electric work, plumbing work and whatever come my way, you
know? As far as the title is concerned, I don't know. I can't give you
exactly the right title because towards the end I'd say my greatest title
would be a carpenter finisher. You know, finishing carpenter work cabinet
work and stuff like that. Before I started the factory. And before that I
was working automobile mills in Detroit and Cabinet works in Detroit.
That's where I got my experience in cabinet work in it, work in Cabinet
works there building radio cabinets for Gretzky's mostly Gretzky's and any
it was a small shop wasn't a big shop. There was only about 8 or 10 guys
working in it and they made things to order, you know, kitchen sets or
certain office, big office desks or whatever it was. I don't know how you
classify my title or classification. I've done so goddamn many different
things, you know, that I wouldn't.
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McKula: Couldn't put my finger on it. Coal mining was my most--I guess I
started from that. And when they start slacking up, coal mines and strikes
start coming on, well, then I picked up whatever I could. I wasn't scared
to tackle any kind of job. I didn't care what it was, whether it was
electrical work, plumbing work or building or whatever it was, tackled them
all. They asked me if I could do that. Yeah, I said, I think I can
[laughs]. And like in the Detroit area, I worked in the Packard Motor
Company there. You know, with the form builders and engineers. There's only
well, there was one other guy in the tool dresser in there, me and another
fella in the carpenter shop there. But there was no carpenter work. We
didn't work on no production. We worked on on new models. You know, any
time there was a new model come out, we needed a different armrest or
different door or different brace here, the wood machine operator there.
Hard as a wood machine operator. They had all kind of machines, any damn
kind of wood machine you thought of, there they had.
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Sikora: You've been in this area almost all your life, in or around Mount
Pleasant and Greensburg--
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McKula: Yes all of it except a couple of years in the West and a couple of
years in Detroit, the rest is all around here. I'd say about four years out
of the out of my life--lifetime, I spent about two years in Detroit and
about two years in the western part of the country in Arizona and New
Mexico and Texas.
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Sikora: Yeah. How come you went to Detroit to find work?
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McKula: Yeah, the work. Work was going on there. I had a job, but thought
that I could better myself by moving to Detroit. And you know better my
occupation and living conditions. That's why I went to Detroit and I got
connected up with the automobile manufacturers there. And they went down. I
went to this little cabinet place there. Cabinet. Like I said, there's only
about eight guys there. Even the owner and his brother, Polish people.
Kozlovsky, something like that. Our biggest, biggest job was there making
radio cabinets. You know, the size of this bigger one for Kmart. They call
it Kmart, but it was originally Kresge's. Sikora: Yeah. McKula: And most
anything you build, whether somebody wants to build a have an order, a
certain kind of kitchen set or a big office desk or something like that,
maybe some eight feet long, some ten feet long, maybe some had a 20 or 30
drawers. And, you know.
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McKula: We'd build them down there.
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McKula: This stuff that I'm telling you like, well, it's hard to prove I
got--I can verify every damn well take from my. When I first started
working, I didn't even finish grade school. I was working in the glass
house in the Bryce's glass house in Mount Pleasant there. Sikora: Yeah.
McKula: Ten hours a day. $0.40 a day. Sikora: Wow. McKula: That was wages,
boy. $0.40 a day for ten hours of work.
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Sikora: Well, well, when was that? How long ago was that?
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McKula: I'd say that I would have been in--I was about eight years old and
could have been about 1906 or something. 1907. 1906 to 1907. And I started
working there getting a couple of dollars a week pay or a dollar and a half
or something like that for a week. Then I started working some on a Coke
yard with guys laboring and and that was 1910, the old home week in Mount
Pleasant. I was already in a coal mine in 1910 and I was only 12 years old.
And I got that. I didn't get it. Social Security got me the record of my
for my on my my work. You know, when I started to work at Standard till I
quit quit at Standard in 1930 or 31 or something like that when they set my
mind down. But between that time I was in Detroit for a couple of years and
I come back and went back to the mine until they shut it down. Then from
then on I went. Contracting different works or remodeling kitchens and
whatever additional new houses to work for different contractors, building
contractors. Big contractors in Greensburg [??]. Guy that works--Ed works
for now, Ira Miller and worked for Bruno Ferreira, the big road
construction company. We were supervised on on roadwork. There's a bridge
to Jeanette went over a creek about as wide as his kitchen, maybe a little
wider. Weaver Construction Company in Greensburg got that contract. And the
head engineer of Westmoreland County. His name was Duke Bell. I done--I
remodeled his house for him. It was his living room in.
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McKula: One of the rooms, a den or something there and paneled it, new
ceilings on it.
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McKula: A little different work there. And he was engineering. He took he
was the head engineer on that job. And he wanted me to take the supervising
job of building that bridge, you know, And I told him, no, I don't think
about that kind of work, you know? Yeah, I know you can do it. I know you
can do it. So he coaxed me. Come down to the house from Greensburg in
Norville a couple of times. You know, I took that job about supervising
that Weaver Construction job. Building that bridge to Jeanette. Well, then
after these guys, Bruno Ferreira, he still well, I guess Ira Miller maybe
passing him up now, but he was the biggest road contractor in the state of
Pennsylvania sometime ago. Bruno Ferreira. Christ, he owns [??]. They drove
airport and then we got some help. We didn't have enough for enough of help
on the bridgework there. Some of Bruno's men, they borrowed some of Bruno's
men. They helped construct some of that bridgework over there. Then after
this, after this job was done, Well, then I was put near done, too. They
had some odd jobs for me there too.
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McKula: Weaver construction and Bruno them--they knew that I was on that
supervising that job. They gave me a job on their their construction. I
worked for them then for about a year, a year and a half, they start moving
too far away from the home, you know? I didn't want to travel that far, so
I asked for a release for winter. And during the winter I got connected up
with the factory down there, and I never did go back. I put the last 15
years of my work down at the garment plant there. That's about the last 15
years. Before that, I can't say much that I any particular title because
I've done so goddamn many different kinds of jobs, you know? Yeah. I didn't
care what what come up. I needed a job. I was raising a family and I
tackled a little bit of know how, a little bit of sleight of the hand and.
But my best job. Pretty hard to make somebody believe now and I started in
Bryce's glass house for $0.40 a day and ten hours a day.
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Sikora: What was that, your first job? In the glass house?
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McKula: Yeah. That's when I quit. Didn't even finish grade school. In
grade school when I started Bryce's glass house. I worked there about 3 or
4 months, and I got a job cracking off and that paid $0.60 a day.
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Sikora: Cracking off? What's that?
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McKula: When they blow the glass out of the big tubes, you know? Sikora:
Uh huh. McKula: They have a mold. They get the--they gather together the
glass out of the furnace, you know, like melted iron or something. Well, he
gives it to the blower. Blower stands on a little platform. You know, you
got a little box about half as big as this table. And he's got molds in
there, you know, and he puts us your gob of glass in that there mold and
closes the mold, and he blows, blows whatever shape you want, the glass or
bowl or whatever he wants, you know. But after he after he blows that them
iron rods, I'd say, is in the neighborhood of four feet. Four feet long,
maybe four and a half. And they got a little thicker ball on the end about
like that. You know, rods about a stick is my finger like pipes, you know,
And then on the end it comes out a little heavier. But when they stick it
in the furnace, they gather that glass up, you know, and that their ball.
Six on the end, huh. Well when they when they through blowing that glass
and he gives it off the crack, the guy that cracks off, then you have a
bench like this and you have the sandbox there, the regular sand like you
got in there and you have a kind of a well, it ain't a sharp piece of metal
that's on the table.
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McKula: You have a kind of a bar across there. You put that across that
bar, you know, say this is this is your stem and this is your glass. And
you put that across there and tap it a couple times. You knock that their
glass off, you know, balls in the sand. Yeah. Then the other guy picks the
glass, kids pick the glass up, carrying in it. They have little troughs and
maybe handles on about, oh, 6 or 8ft long and they have a little trough and
they just like my two hands, maybe about that long, you know, 3 or 4
glasses. They pick them up with these tongs like, you know, because it's
hot, the glass is hot, they pick them up and these are little carrying
cases. Ain't the cases just a goddamn piece of slatch, you know. Maybe a
inch board or inch and a half board of a 6 or 8ft long and this little
trough on it. Asbestos, you know, But your glass there and you carry it
into the furnace and you you dump the glass out in the layers and the
layers go through there and tempered that glass and see, you know, when
they come out the other end, then it goes into where these cutters cut
because you don't cut a trim.
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McKula: You leave rough edges on, you know, on the glass. And it goes into
the other part of the building where they finish the glass, they finish it
and grind the edges on, polish it. That's cracking off. You get that there,
rod with that there, glass on it. It chills pretty easy when you get out of
the mold. It won't give any. When you put on that ornery, you even crack it
at orange, they'll fall off. You know, it falls in that sandbox and it's
much bigger than the sheer white thing here. It's got sand in it, you know,
the gas, the glass don't break. And the other boys, that's what I started
on. Carrying in and they picked his glass up, put it in a trough and
carried. Maybe the layer just depends on how close you are. The layers from
the furnace, you carry it into the layers and dump the layers. Runs on a
conveyor like they always running, you know, certain temperatures, I guess
it goes gradually and comes out of the finished product, except maybe it's
got rough edges on or that part of them end on and then goes on to the
other building where they trimmed that their rough stuff off and grind it,
polish it. You know.
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Sikora: It must have been pretty hot doing that.
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McKula: Yeah, pretty hot.
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McKula: Hot. Yeah. Go ahead. Oh, that I can think of now.
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McKula: They had to let about 5 or 6 them furnaces and these furnaces,
about oh, each one is about half as big as this kitchen around, round-like,
you know, where they put their sand and different ingredients in the heat.
And that melts. That melts, you know, just like lava. And they get it out
of the furnace and have a small door above because this it's maybe smaller
than this. And they open the door and they stick that they're gathering man
together. That's more like a like a profession. Then when you get to be a
gatherer or glassblower, you know.
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Sikora: Those were the high paying jobs doing that?
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McKula: The high paying jobs, but then the high paying jobs then as it was
then--maybe it was--maybe he was getting dollar and a half a day or
something like that or $2 a day. But now what the hell? That's not
even--they take more than that out for your income tax a day off each
dollar.
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Sikora: The--the money you made from that first job. What did you do with
it? Did you have to take it home and?
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McKula: Yeah. Give you a little manila envelope. You had a couple of
quarters and a couple of dimes. I'd come home and you know, oh, give it to
the parents. Yeah. I'd get 10 or $0.15 out of the payday, you know. And I
worked in a coal mine for a good many years before I was married. Very
seldom I got a payday. Sometimes I'd get maybe a couple of dollars paydays
every two weeks. But what I made was all taken out on check before the
before the payday come. Withdraw your earnings, mother, you know, keep the
family going with that little checks or oh about so size and they had 500
numbers on from 1 to 25 or up to 500, you know, whatever the amount your
purchase was. And the clerk would would punch a hole out in that figure,
you know, whatever he had left.
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Sikora: I have to find out a little bit about your your family history,
your parents and stuff. Do you know where was your parents born? McKula: In
Austria. Sikora: Austria. And they were--religion--were they Catholics?
McKula: Yeah. Sikora: When did they come over here?
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McKula: Oh. [laughs]
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Sikora: Roughly, if you have any idea.
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McKula: I heard it maybe a hundred different times before, but I can't
recall. But my older sister still live and she's in 93 or 94 years old. She
was born here and then he worked here a couple of years before they were.
My dad was married here in Standard Township, so that must have been in. I
want to say maybe sometime in the 90s. In the 1800s. Maybe earlier. Maybe
it's in the later 80s or 90s. At the time I say in the later 80s or 90s?
Early 90s. 1800 because I was born.
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And it was. One-two-three-four-five-six.
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McKula: It was about six ahead of me. And I was born in 1898. 1898. So
that's going to be I'd say I'd say in the 80s.
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Sikora: Do you--your father met your mother over here somewhere down in
Standard? Do you know where he came in? Like if he came in through New York
or?
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McKula: That's that's really something I couldn't tell you. Sikora: Okay.
McKula: They come in--where were they? In New York or some other part of
the country.
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Sikora: Okay. There's no big problem there.
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McKula: I've never even maybe heard it heard about it when I was younger
or something. These old neighbors and get talking, you know? Sikora: Uh
huh. McKula: I never paid much.
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Sikora: Yeah, you forget about it real quick. Did he. Do you know if he
came right into this area? And what was his occupation? Did he work in the
mines? McKula: Yeah. Sikora: He work in the coal mines?
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McKula: Working in coal mines. They come, right [??] well, not exactly in
this area. I think his first first stop was kind of a coal plant back in
around Uniontown or something.
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Sikora: Mhm. McKula: Later on they come up in Westmoreland County.
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Sikora: He worked in the coal mines all his life?
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McKula: He put in 50 some years in coal mines.
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Sikora: Wow. McKula: 55 or 56 years.
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Sikora: How many brothers and sisters do you have?
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McKula: Now, all together, or do you mean now?
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Sikora: Oh, all together.
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McKula: [unintelligible] and--and me.
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McKula: I was the fifth one in the family. And I was born in 98. It was
Mary, the oldest. And Julie, she died here about a year ago and maybe not a
year ago. And Irma, she died of a TBs. Anne, she's still living in
Cleveland, you know. And I was the fifth boy and I had what's gotten four
girls older than me.
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McKuka: And it was me, Frank, Andy and John.
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McKula: And another another girl. She died here about a year ago. [??]
your uncle. So there was four, five, five.
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Sikora: That's five girls and four boys.
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McKula: Five girls and five boys and four boys. And I can remember there
was five, but he was. He was the second child that I understand, I can
remember that pretty good. Joe was supposed to be his name. He was next. He
was the second in the family. He was a boy. And he got killed when he was
about, I think about 13 months old or about a year old or something like
that. He got killed. He run over by a horse and buggy.
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Sikora: Really? Wow. My mother is--
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McKula: He was in my mother's arms and run over her and him both, you know
only the horse they got. Buggy knocked her over and I guess the baby fell
over and the buggy ran over the baby and killed him.
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McKula: So I can say the five girls, I'm not missing any boys.
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McKula: Ben, Frank, Andy, and John.
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Sikora: Can you. Can you remember? You know, at home, if yinz ever had any
boarders at your house? You did, huh?
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McKula: Yes. The house full of kids. And still we had two boarders. I
can't recall their names anymore, but I think they were related--some kind
of kin folks, the family, the older people, you know. Not continuously, but
I can remember when I was a pretty small boy, you had to in that back room,
there was two guys in there. I don't there's some kind of kin folks of the
old parents. I don't know.
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Sikora: So they wanna know how many children you have. That would be.
McKula: You know. Sikora: Yeah.
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McKula: We're still four girls. Is it? Three? That's six altogether. Lost
one boy. I lost two boys already and Dick still had three and three had
three boys.
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McKula: Three, three daughters.
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Sikora: Okay. Education. How far through school did you get?
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McKula: I don't know whether I even finished eighth grade.
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Sikora: Really? Um.
McKula: Let's see. Eighth grade and in the seventh or eighth and then I
started working in a glass house. Then it was only about eight years old or
so, and I started working. So that wasn't time to finish school. Sikora:
Yeah. McKula: You didn't have school laws like you have nowadays. You know,
you got to go to 18. Then after I finished working there, we walked from
Standard. We walked from Standard to Hirsch High School to get my working
papers from the principal or whatever it is you know. I was only about ten
years old then, or ten and a half or something like that. And I got a
little I can remember that [??] dad walked [??] that's he was standing at
Hirsch putting there six mile one way. Sikora: Yeah. McKula: And I got a
little pink slip there and a couple of days later I was in a coal mine with
my dad.
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Sikora: Well what did you do in the coal mine?
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McKula: Well, there's another thing. My most of my occupation in coal mine
was mining coal. But I'd done putting everything in a coal mine. They even
had foreman papers. I was taking night studies, like you. Persistent pit
boss, you know. But most of my work in the coal was loading coal, digging
and loading it before the machines come in. It was all digging with a pick
and shoot it with dynamite and load it in the wagon and. Cutting machines
come in when there was a certain amount of certain amount of coal, they
couldn't put the machines every place where the coal was cut up pretty bad
because, you know, there was too much dangers--vibration and stuff. So they
cut more solid coal where the coal was kind of like coming out to the end
when that was all hand taken out, you know, pick and hand. And I drove,
drove in a coal mine for oh six, seven years anyhow, I timbered, I laid
track in a coal mine.
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Sikora: Did a little bit of everything, huh? Was coal mining real hard
work?
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McKula: Well, it's hard work, but I. Lots of times I thought before saying
in my in my early 20s I preferred coal mine to any to any other kind of
job. I figured your temperature is always the same in there. You weather
condition is always the same. You know it was snowing outside. If it was 50
or 60 degrees in there, you was in there, it could have been zero outside.
It was always the same temperature. Maybe outside is 100°F. In the
summertime it was always in 40 or 60 from 40 to 60 down there, you know?
Yeah, the work was hard. To what I hear now and I've already read and seen
some commercials and odds and ends on TV, mining today and what it was,
say, 50, 60 years ago, it's just much different than it is in black and
white. It's all machine work now. They got all different roof protections
now, you know, they bore some kind of hole up there and hold it up. You
don't have no post in there. You had a post here, post here, post here,
post there, and maybe you had a backer 10 or 15ft. You had to get your
shovel in between there and get to where your wagon was. You know, today
it's all different. Very little post. They got all some kind of roof
anchors. They bore a bore, a hole in a roof and stick some kind of rod up
in there. And it's got some kind of an anchor on top of it. It holds the
roof up.
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Sikora: Did--after you was working, did you ever go to any kind of any
kind of you mentioned something about you was going to night school or
something for Pit Boss?
00:28:28.000 --> 00:30:38.000
McKula: Well, that's when I was working in the mine house. I was taken out
on an examination to Uniontown for an examination. That's a test, you know.
Sikora: Uh huh. McKula: And I can safely say me and Bill Sheba, brother in
law of mine, married my younger sister Liz and [??] uncle--in our classes,
I had a better grade that was at night school in Mount Pleasant than in
high school. And in talking and stuff, I had better marks, better grades in
my learning than he had. I went and there was when you went in there, you
couldn't go out. When you went into your test, you couldn't go out at all.
You couldn't go out of the building. You could go back in. You had to
steadily finish your test, you know. And I stayed in there. Oh, they give
you a bunch of papers and answers and you got to answer all your wind
velocity and how you measure it and your how much your roughage you lose.
Take a coal mine inside. It's not smooth. It's all like your finger
sticking all around. You know how much, how much air, air loss you get by
by air up and across this rough stuff, you know, stuff like that, or more
on that mathematical line and in that particular in that the others are in
that particular line. I kind of got I didn't get exactly stumped. I just
got disgusted. And I took I didn't have a cap, a hat, a stick of my cap in
my pocket. I said I was going to the toilet. I didn't even get permission
to go to the toilet. I went down to go to the toilet and I went to toilet.
I slipped out there and never went back. And Bill got his papers. He passed
examination and I had better grades during learning than he had and a
couple other guys, Cominski there and his assistant boss. Bill was pit boss
from Cistern. You know, you keep on climbing. It's great, you know, and I
just got disgusted and I walked out and they got their papers and I didn't
get mine, but I--I studied for that work.
00:30:38.000 --> 00:30:43.000
Sikora: Yeah. Hm.
00:30:43.000 --> 00:31:43.000
McKula: And they got Elliott from the foremans and stuff, pit boss, and
superintendent. It's a worksheet. Why? Why? I didn't finish my test, you
know that. [unintelligible] I got my--I got a report in I think he had it
was 80, 88 to 90 or something like that. You had to pass these tests, you
know, to qualify. And I was I only went about a half through my test and I
had 70 some points finished. Didn't finish the test.
