Max A. Lauffer was an influential University of Pittsburgh professor and researcher who contributed greatly to the study of viruses during his career (1944-1986). His work was vital to the eventual discovery of a vaccine for polio, and Lauffer himself was instrumental in bringing Jonas Salk to work at Pitt. This collection documents his personal life and his career, including technical articles, books, lectures, course material, notes, and records from his involvement with many scientific and religious organizations and events. Digital reproductions of portions of the collection are available online.
Language
The majority of the material in this collection is in English, although there are some correspondence and articles in German.
Author
Emily Schoenlein.
Publisher
ULS Archives & Special Collections
Address
University of Pittsburgh Library System Archives & Special Collections Website: library.pitt.edu/archives-special-collections Business Number: 412-648-3232 (Thomas) | 412-648-8190 (Hillman) Contact Us: www.library.pitt.edu/ask-archivist URL: http://library.pitt.edu/archives-special-collections
Access Restrictions
No restrictions.
Arrangement
The collection consists of nine series:
Series I. Correspondence, 1944-2004
Series II. Talks and Lectures, 1938-2013
Series III. Articles, 1934-2011
Series IV. Books, 1943-2000
Series V. Extracurricular Involvements, 1952-2011
Series VI. Course Outlines and Lecture Notes, 1931-1984
Series VII. Notes and Calculations, 1965-1986
Series VIII. Honors and Awards, 1944-2003
Series IX. Personal Material, 1915-2012
Series X. 2017 Addition
Biography
Maximilian Augustus Lauffer was born on September 2, 1914, in Londonderry Township near Middletown, Pennsylvania, to Max and Elsie Lauffer. He had one sister, Eleanor. He attended Iron Mine Run School and graduated from Middletown High School in 1929. Lauffer received a Bachelor of Science degree from Pennsylvania State University in 1933 and a Master of Science in Biochemistry in 1934. He obtained his PhD in Biochemistry from the University of Minnesota in 1937.
In his work at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research from 1937 to 1944, Lauffer published on the physical characteristics of the Tobacco Mosaic Virus. This was one of the first pictures of a virus ever created, and his work helped to lay the foundation for the cure of viral infections such as polio. Lauffer also studied the influenza virus and his work with its biophysical properties helped pave the way for the creation of flu vaccines. He also played an important role in bringing Jonas Salk to the University of Pittsburgh to study the polio virus. Lauffer's main research interests while at Pitt were "the hydration of viruses and proteins, and the relationship between the physical or chemical structure and the biological properties of biologically active proteins." He believed that his work on entropy-driven processes in biology was the most important work of his career because these processes are involved in so many other biological processes that involve motion.
Throughout his time at the University of Pittsburgh, Lauffer was an Andrew W. Mellon Professor, administrator, and researcher. He founded the Department of Biophysics in 1949 and chaired the department until 1956. When Chancellor Edward Litchfield reorganized the College of Arts and Sciences into three divisions, he appointed Lauffer as the first Dean of the Natural Sciences. Lauffer held this position until he returned to the Biophysics Department in 1963, when he was named the Mellon Professor of Biological Sciences. He was later named the chair of the merged Department of Biophysics and Microbiology. He retired from teaching and research at the university in 1984, being named Emeritus Andrew W. Mellon Professor of Biological Sciences, and continued to work in the office of the Provost for several years afterward.
Lauffer also loved to travel and did some teaching abroad over the years. He taught at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Massachusetts. Lauffer was also a visiting professor at the University of Bern in Switzerland in 1952 and at the Max Planck Institute for Virus Research in Tubingen, Germany, from 1965 to 1966. He served as a consultant at the University of the Philippines in the fall of 1967.
Lauffer also served as a consultant to the Joint Research and Development Board and to the U.S. Army Biological Warfare Laboratories, and as a member of several National Research Council committees. He was a member of the first National Advisory General Medical Sciences Council of the National Institutes of Health, and a consultant to the Surgeon General of the U.S. from 1963 to 1967.
Lauffer received many awards for his work, including the Eli Lilly and Company Research Award in Biochemistry in 1945, the Pittsburgh Award from the Pittsburgh section of the American Chemical Society in 1958, and the University of Minnesota Outstanding Achievement Award in 1964. In 2006, the Tousimis-Lauffer Distinguished Annual Lecture in Biological Sciences was established in his honor by his former student, Anastasios J. Tousimis.
Lauffer was a member of many scientific organizations during his lifetime. He was a fellow of the New York Academy of Sciences, as well as a member of the American Chemical Society, the Federation of American Scientists, the American Society of Biological Chemists, and the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. In addition to serving as a member, Lauffer was a founder and president of the Biophysical Society and editor of the Biophysical Journal, the official publication of the organization. He was also the co-editor of the publication Advances in Virus Research for over thirty years.
In addition to his scientific work, Lauffer was very active in the Presbyterian Church. He served the Presbyterian Church on local, regional, national, and international levels. He was an elder of the Presbyterian Congregation of Middletown, a moderator of the Presbytery of Carlisle in 1992, a member and chairman of the Council on Church and Society from 1963 to 1971, and a delegate to the World Council of Churches' Church and Society Conference in Geneva, Switzerland, in 1966. He served on the boards of the Pittsburgh Theological Seminary and The College of Wooster. He was also active in the community and was a lifelong member of the World Federalist Association (now Citizens for Global Solutions) and was president of the Rotary Club of Middletown.
Lauffer died on August 8, 2012, and is survived by his wife, Erika, and four children: Edward, Susan, Max and John.
Copyright
The University of Pittsburgh holds the property rights to the material in this collection, but the copyright may still be held by the original creator/author. Researchers are therefore advised to follow the regulations set forth in the U.S. Copyright Code when publishing, quoting, or reproducing material from this collection without the consent of the creator/author or that go beyond what is allowed by fair use.
Processing Information
This collection was processed by Emily Schoenlein from January-August 2015.
Previous Citation
Max A. Lauffer Papers, 1915-2013, UA.90.F99, University Archives, Archives Service Center, University of Pittsburgh
Preferred Citation
Max A. Lauffer Papers, 1915-2013, UA.90.F99, University Archives, Archives & Special Collections, University of Pittsburgh Library System
Existence and Location of Copies
Digital reproductions of the collection are available online.
Scope and Content Notes
This collection documents the life and work of Max A. Lauffer, a distinguished University of Pittsburgh professor and influential scientist who was crucial to the creation of the polio vaccine, among his many important professional accomplishments. Much of the material concerns his scientific work and his career at Pitt (1944-1986) through personal and professional correspondence, including letters to and from Jonas Salk; copies of many of his talks and lectures concerning various scientific and non-technical topics; articles and books that he wrote and to which he contributed; outlines and notes for his courses and other work; and many of the honors and awards that he received over his lifetime. Lauffer's participation in many professional and scientific organizations is also evident in this collection.
In addition, there are documents concerning Lauffer's personal life, such as his heavy involvement with the Presbyterian Church. The earliest records include personal material such as childhood photographs and examples from his college coursework. The scope of the collection continues after Lauffer's death with documentation of the Tousimis-Lauffer Distinguished Lecture Series, which was named after him and continues in his honor, as well as items used during his memorial service.
Acquisition Information
Gift of Erika Lauffer on March 21, 2014.
Subjects
Corporate Names
Biophysical Society
United Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A. Council on Church and Society
United Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A
Fort Detrick (Frederick, Md.)
Sarah Scaife Foundation
University of Pittsburgh
University of Minnesota
Pennsylvania State University
American Chemical Society
U.S. Atomic Energy Commission
United States. Army. Chemical Warfare Service.
National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis
United States. Public Health Service
United States. Office of Naval Research.
Eli Lilly and Company
Personal Names
Salk, Jonas, 1914-1995
Litchfield, Edward H. (Edward Harold)
Longenecker, Herbert E. (Herbert Eugune), 1912-2010
Lauffer, Max A. (Max Augustus), 1914-
Other Subjects
Virology
Viruses
Tobacco mosaic virus
Polio vaccine -- Research
Polio vaccine -- Development
University of Pittsburgh
Container List
Scope and Content Notes
This series consists of copies of talks and lectures given by Lauffer over his career. Most talks are related to science and technical topics, though there are several that deal with religion and other subjects. Also included are speeches that he gave at various professional lecture series.
Scope and Content Notes
This subseries consists of copies of lectures on scientific and technical topics that are arranged chronologically. There are also undated lectures placed at the end of the subseries.
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box 7, folder 6
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box 7, folder 7
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box 8, folder 9
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box 8, folder 10
Language
German.
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box 8, folder 11
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box 8, folder 39
Scope and Content Notes
This subseries consists of copies of non-technical lectures on topics such as religion, education, world peace, and nuclear power. It is arranged chronologically and there are undated talks at the end of the subseries.
This subseries contains copies of speeches given at professional lecture series and other speaking engagements. There is also material regarding the Tousimis-Lauffer Distinguished Lecture Series, which was established by a former student in Lauffer's honor, which continues after his death.
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box 9, folder 19
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map-case 5-6, oversize 1
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map-case 5-6, folder 20
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map-case 5-6, folder 28
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map-case 5-6, folder 29
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map-case 5-6, folder 30
Scope and Content Notes
This series consists of articles written by Lauffer, most of which are scientific, though there are a few that are related to religious topics. This series also contains official reprints of articles separate from the journals in which they were originally printed. There are also a few book reviews written by Lauffer and several articles about Lauffer, as well as many fragile newspaper clippings.
Scope and Content Notes
This subseries contains articles that Lauffer has written on various scientific and religious topics. It is arranged chronologically by the date in which the article was published.
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map-case 5-6, folder 31
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map-case 5-6, folder 32
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map-case 5-6, folder 55
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map-case 5-6, folder 56
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map-case 5-6, folder 57
Scope and Content Notes
This subseries consists of official reprints of some of Lauffer's articles. These reprints are printed in their own booklet and do not include any other part of the original publishing journal or magazine. They are arranged chronologically by publication date. Lauffer had given numbers to some of the reprints so those are arranged by number in ascending order, but within that numbering system the reprints had been arranged chronologically.
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map-case 5-6, folder 58
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map-case 5-6, folder 59
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map-case 5-6, folder 60
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map-case 5-6, folder 61
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box 10, folder 1
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box 10, folder 27
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box 10, folder 28
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box 11, folder 1
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box 11, folder 2
Scope and Content Notes
This subseries contains Lauffer's reviews of other books, which were published in various journals.
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box 11, folder 3
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box 11, folder 4
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box 11, folder 5
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box 11, folder 6
Scope and Content Notes
This subseries consists of articles about Lauffer written by other people. It primarily contains journal and magazine articles, but there are also several newspaper clippings.
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box 11, folder 7
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box 11, folder 8
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box 11, folder 24
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box 11, folder 25
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box 11, folder 26
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box 11, folder 27
Scope and Content Notes
This series consists of books and book chapters that Lauffer wrote or to which he contributed. There are several drafts of one particular chapter that he authored for A History of Biochemistry. This series also contains several booklets of various topics that Lauffer owned, as well as books that were inscribed to him by the authors, many of whom were his friends and colleagues.
Scope and Content Notes
This subseries consists of Lauffer's work on chapters for various scientific books to which he was contributing. The bulk of the subseries is documentation of his work on a chapter for A History of Biochemistry, including several drafts, figures, and notes for the chapter.
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box 11, folder 28
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box 11, folder 29
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box 11, folder 37-38
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box 11, folder 39
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box 11, folder 40
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box 11, folder 41
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box 24, folder 1
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box 24, folder 2
Scope and Content Notes
This subseries contains Lauffer's work on several books that he either wrote or to which he contributed, including a book entitled Methods in Physical Biochemistry & Biophysics that he was writing with Howard Schachman and was never published. This subseries also contains Volumes 1-30 of the Advances in Virus Research series, of which Lauffer was a long time editor.
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box 12, folder 1
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box 14, folder 21
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box 15, folder 1
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box 15, folder 2
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box 15, folder 3
Scope and Content Notes
This subseries consists of booklets and books that Lauffer owned. The books were inscribed to him by the authors who were various friends and colleagues. The booklets are on assorted subjects such as nuclear war and various Pitt subjects.
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box 15, folder 4
Language
German.
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box 15, folder 5
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box 15, folder 14
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box 15, folder 15
Scope and Content Notes
This series consists of material related to Lauffer's involvement in various organizations and events. While working at the University of Pittsburgh, he did a variety of work in the Office of the Provost which is represented here. He was also an active member of several scientific organizations, such as The Biophysical Society. In his spare time, Lauffer was heavily involved in the Presbyterian Church and worked in many different subgroups within the organization.
Scope and Content Notes
This subseries consists of material related to Lauffer's work at the University of Pittsburgh outside of his regular duties as a professor and researcher. The bulk of the material relates to his work in the Office of the Provost performing such tasks as departmental reports and serving on task forces.
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box 16, folder 1
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box 16, folder 2
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box 16, folder 3-4
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box 16, folder 5
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box 16, folder 23
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box 24, folder 3
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map-case 5-6, oversize 1
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box 16, folder 24
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box 16, folder 32
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box 17, folder 1
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box 17, folder 2
Scope and Content Notes
This subseries consists of material related to Lauffer's involvement in various scientific organizations, such as the Biophysical Society, of which he was a founder and lifelong member.
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box 17, folder 3
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box 17, folder 4
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box 17, folder 5
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box 17, folder 6
Scope and Content Notes
This subseries contains material regarding Lauffer's involvement with the Presbyterian Church. He was a member of various organizations within the United Presbyterian Church and participated in many committees and conferences, as well as editing the Social Progress journal.
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box 17, folder 7
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box 17, folder 8
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box 17, folder 9
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box 17, folder 10
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Scope and Content Notes
This subseries consists of material related to Lauffer's involvement in organizations that are not specifically scientific, religious, or related to Pitt. This includes serving as a professor at the University of the Philippines and as a Citizen Ambassador to China.
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box 17, folder 22
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box 18, folder 1
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box 18, folder 3
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box 18, folder 4
Scope and Content Notes
This series consists of material that Lauffer used for the various courses that he taught at the University of Pittsburgh. It contains course outlines, lecture notes and slides, and other material that he used to instruct his classes. It is arranged chronologically by the year in which the course was taught, though there is also general material for classes that were not specified.
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box 18, folder 5
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box 19, folder 27
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box 19, folder 28
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box 24, folder 4
Scope and Content Notes
This series consists of various notes, calculations, and figures used by Lauffer when writing books and articles or preparing for research. The purpose of many of these notes are unspecified and, therefore, are organized as best as possible to reflect whether they were labelled as "notes," "calculations," or some other specified research material.
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box 19, folder 29
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box 19, folder 30-31
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box 19, folder 32
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box 19, folder 33
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box 20, folder 10
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box 20, folder 11
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box 20, folder 12-14
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box 20, folder 15
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box 20, folder 16
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box 24, folder 5
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box 20, folder 17
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box 20, folder 18
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box 20, folder 19
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box 20, folder 20
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box 20, folder 21
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box 24, folder 6-8
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box 24, folder 9
Scope and Content Notes
This series contains documentation of various honors and awards given to Lauffer, including grants that he received over the course of his career. It also contains the physical awards themselves, such as medals and plaques.
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box 20, folder 22
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box 23, item 1
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box 20, folder 23
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box 20, folder 24
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box 23, item 3
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box 23, item 4
Containers
box 20, folder 25
Containers
box 23, item 5
Containers
box 20, folder 26
Containers
box 20, folder 27
Containers
box 20, folder 28
Containers
box 20, folder 29
Containers
box 23, item 6
Containers
box 23, item 7
Scope and Content Notes
This series consists of personal material that is largely unrelated to Lauffer's career or involvement in professional organizations. Included are his personal date books that span almost fifty years. There is also an assortment of personal material that did not fit anywhere else in the collection, such as coursework from his college years and photographs of his high school and college friends. There is also material that was used at his memorial service, including several photographs and articles that span his lifetime.
Scope and Content Notes
This subseries contains biographical information and data books that detail Lauffer's work history, publications, and other information at various points in his life.
Containers
box 23, folder 30
Containers
box 23, folder 31
Containers
box 23, folder 32
Containers
box 21, folder 1
Containers
box 21, folder 2
Scope and Content Notes
This subseries contains Lauffer's date books from approximately fifty years of his life. These outline his daily schedules, appointments, contact information, and other personal data.
Containers
box 21, folder 3
Containers
box 21, folder 4
Containers
box 21, folder 5
Containers
box 21, folder 6
Containers
box 21, folder 7
Containers
box 21, folder 8
Containers
box 21, folder 9
Containers
box 21, folder 10
Containers
box 21, folder 11
Containers
box 21, folder 12
Containers
box 21, folder 13
Scope and Content Notes
This subseries consists of material from Lauffer's personal life that is not directly related to his career. This includes some examples of college coursework, diplomas, programs from ceremonies, and index cards taken from his personal address book.
Containers
map-case 5-6, oversize 1
Containers
map-case 5-6, folder 14
Containers
map-case 5-6, folder 15-16
Containers
map-case 5-6, folder 17
Containers
map-case 5-6, folder 18
Containers
map-case 5-6, folder 19
Containers
map-case 5-6, folder 20
Containers
map-case 5-6, folder 21
Containers
map-case 5-6, folder 22
Containers
box 22, folder 1
Containers
box 22, folder 2
Containers
box 22, folder 3
Containers
box 22, folder 4
Containers
box 24, folder 10
Scope and Content Notes
This subseries contains the material used for Lauffer's memorial service, including photographs of friends and family and articles that were used for display. This subseries also includes a DVD of the memorial service.
Containers
box 22, folder 5
Containers
box 22, folder 6
Containers
box 22, folder 7
Containers
box 22, folder 8
Scope and Contents
This series contains material donated to the collection in 2017. It includes awards given to Lauffer as well as some publications and talks. Also documented here is Lauffer's early academic and professional career at the University of Minnesota and Pennsylvania State University.